To avoid plagiarism, you must correctly attribute ideas and quotations, which is using someone else’s ideas or material without acknowledgement (intentionally or unintentionally). If you are a student, plagiarism may result in disciplinary action. If you are an academic or professional, plagiarism will result in, at best, the rejection of your manuscript, and at worst disciplinary action. [1] X Research source People have even their degrees revoked when plagiarism was discovered. [2] X Research source To allow the reader to check your work. Proper citations allow readers to look up the quotes and ideas you used in context, to see if they agree with your interpretation. [3] X Research source To allow interested readers to dig deeper. Endnotes allow readers interested in your topic to easily locate the sources that informed it so that they can read them as well. To show that you have considered a variety of sources. Endnotes allow you to show the reader that you have considered all of the major arguments regarding your given topic, or if you have not, allows them to easily see which authors you have failed to consider.
Page number Author name, as well as the name of any editors or translators Book name, place of publishing, name of publisher, and year of publishing if a book Article name, periodical name, volume and series number, and date of publication
Pushing citations to the end of a paper or work helps to create clean, uncluttered pages. This is why endnotes are often preferred in books. Having all the citations in one place allows the reader to digest them as a whole. On the other hand, not having citations on the page means the reader will have to flip to the back of your manuscript each time they want to look something up, which can be frustrating. Endnotes can give the impression that you are trying to hide your citations.
Note numbers should follow punctuation. Never put a note number before a period, comma, or quotation mark. Note numbers should be consecutive throughout an entire paper. In a book, note numbers may restart with each chapter, in which case the endnotes should be divided by chapter. Put the superscript number at the end of the clause or sentence in which you reference someone else’s materials. [5] X Research source For example: “According to Hoskins and Garrett, IQ tests are often problematic,1 but I argue that it is still possible to implement them usefully in school settings. "
Indent the first line of each endnote half an inch (or 5 spaces) from the left margin. Additional lines within a single endnote should be flush with the left hand margin. Use the appropriate citation form per your style guide.
Chicago style uses endnotes (or footnotes) to cite sources, rather than providing inline citation. [8] X Research source This is a key difference from MLA style, which uses inline citation. In Chicago style, it is recommended to always write the author name and title, not just the author name, in subsequent citations after the first full one. In Chicago style, a bibliography typically follows the endnotes. The bibliography lists all sources in alphabetical order by author’s last name. You should add entries to it every time you create a note. The format is slightly different from endnotes. See http://www. chicagomanualofstyle. org/tools_citationguide. html for more information.
Book (author) – Author’s First and Last Name, Title (Place of Publication: Publisher, Date of Publication), page number(s). Book (editor) – Author’s First and Last Name, ed. , Title (Place of Publication: Publisher, Date of Publication), page number(s). Journal Article – Author’s First and Last Name, “Title of Article,” Title of Journal Volume (Year): page number(s). Newspaper – Author’s First and Last Name, “Title of Article,” Title of Newspaper, date, page number(s). For all source types, if there are two to three authors, list their names with commas between them. For more than three authors, write the first author’s name, a comma, and “et al. ” in place of any remaining authors. For a complete list of source types and their appropriate formats, see http://www. chicagomanualofstyle. org/tools_citationguide. html.
Author’s last name, Title, page number(s). (If the title is not fiction or poetry, you can use a shortened form of the title if it is longer than four words. )[11] X Research source
1 Gabriel Garcia Marquez, Love in the Time of Cholera, trans. Edith Grossman (London: Cape, 1988), 27-28. 2 Ibid. , 45.
In some cases, your teacher may prefer you to single-space endnotes and leave a blank line between each entry. If you have questions, consult with your teacher. [13] X Research source
MLA style does not recommend using endnotes to cite works. You should use inline citation in MLA style unless specifically told otherwise. [14] X Research source In most cases, you will still need to provide a Works Cited page in addition to your endnotes.
For example, “For further discussion of this phenomenon, see also King, 53; Norris, 175-185; and Kozinsky, 299-318. " For example, “Several other studies also reach similar conclusions. For examples, see also Brown and Spiers 24-50, Chapel 30-45, and Philips 50-57. "
For example, “Although it is less commonly known than her major works, singer-songwriter Wendy’s 1980 album Cookies also deals with the idea of ecofriendly agriculture. " For example, “Johnson reiterated this point in a conference talk in 2013, although she worded it less forcefully there. "
Center the word Notes on the page. Do not use any formatting or quote marks. If you have only one endnote, use the word Note. Double-space endnotes in MLA style.
